Articles and civil Engineering Notes

Waste Management is the disposal of wastes or handling of waste materials. There are several forms of handling of wastes since wastes can be generated in all sorts of ways ranging from ordinary household wastes to industrial generated wastes . The industrialization has brought a lot of good things and bad things as well. One of the negative effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste. But as development and population increase, waste management also has become increasingly complex problems for many nations. The main objective of waste management is to efficiently handle the disposal of garbage without harming public health and the environment. However most, wastes generated are not properly managed thus causing environmental disasters and deaths for many people due to pollution(wastes). Common methods of a garbage disposal or waste management 1.  Recycling -    is the form of making a used or discarded material into another product. It comes into different recycling

Civil engineering Salary ( Civil engineering salary ) Civil engineering has become one of the most profitable jobs these days. Many students are taking admission to various top engineering colleges around the world each year. A civil engineer's job not only includes a whole lot of challenges and creativity, but it also promises a good salary and high positions. Civil is one of the toughest jobs, involving lots of fieldwork, research, and planning. An experienced civil gets a salary starting from around $75,000. A fresher engineer generally gets less salary than an experienced engineer. According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, a Pennsylvania-based popular non-profit professional association, civil graduates got an average starting salary offer of $52,443, as recorded in April 2010. During the recession, when most professionals saw a declining salary range, civil engineers enjoyed a good hike, with engineering graduates having a 1.3% salary raise. Among the

Construction engineering generally involves whenever an airport, highway, dam, bridge, railway, or other large building projects goes up. Construction engineering is also seen in the design of the building and in the execution of the construction. While the design is an important part of the whole, While the design is an important part of the whole project, so they are choosing the right mix of materials and planning for all the different stages of construction. Students who undergo construction engineering courses must also do construction management courses so that they know what goes on at the construction site and could actually work as a construction manager . However, a construction manager could not work as a construction engineer as he has not had enough training in the design aspect. Rather, his training focuses more on the methods of construction and on people management. They are more concerned with delivering a quality project on time and at the required budget. So eng

Global warming: It is almost unavoidable to live in this era and not hear anything about global warming . On the other hand, there are still a lot of people who have not got a clue about what global warming is and what steps they can take to prevent it. What comes to everybody's mind is: Why is global warming happening ? Human beings have been increasing the use of fossil fuels in order to heat their homes, run their cars, and also their factories. The burning of fossil fuels leads to the creation of gases and chemicals, called greenhouse gases , which are collected in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket.  They stay in the earth's atmosphere for many years. This massive air pollution which really is like a thickening blanket traps the heat of the sun and causes the planet to warm up. There exist some specific gases which are used in refrigerators and spray cans that can add to the collection of the gases already mentioned. Another thing people have done over the years is

coastal engineering ,  Structural engineering ,  Construction engineering ,  Earthquake engineering,  Environmental engineering,  Forensic engineering ,  Geotechnical engineering,  Materials science and engineering,  Transportation engineering,  Municipal or urban engineering,  Water resources engineering,   Surveying.

Coastal Engineering   deals with managing coastal areas. The challenge for coastal engineers to safely deliver clean water, power, and a sustainable natural and built environment for a world population. Millions of people and billions of dollars of infrastructure and communities are at risk of coastal flooding and loss of land due to sea-level rise, beach erosion, and loss of natural protection due to reefs.

Structural engineering   Structural engineering is one of the many fields involved in civil engineering . They have the responsibility of designing buildings and machinery. Through continuous training in the very latest technologies, structural engineers are at the cutting edge of the design world. Engineering services clients range from the private to the public sector, and provide design and detailing of all types of structures. Structural Engineers: Structural engineers specialize in the design and analysis of any structure like a dam, bridges, buildings, towers, flyovers (overpasses), tunnels, microstructure, and other structures.  At any time there are adjustments or repairs completed to existing construction or framing for further space, an engineer will be part of the image. They are responsible for designing floors, roofs, columns, and beams. They are also responsible for determining how energy, heat, and moisture will interact within the building and its materials. They car